Simulating tip effects in vertical-axis wind turbines with the actuator line method

Abstract Simulation of the complex, unsteady aerodynamics characterizing Darrieus rotors requires computational tools with a fidelity higher than ubiquitous Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory. Among them, Actuator Line Method (ALM) stands out in terms accuracy and cost. This approach, however, still fails to resolve vortex-like structures shed at blade ends, overestimating turbine performance rotational speeds. Moving from this background, study comprehensive investigation on ALM’s capability simulate tip effects their impact rotor is carried out. To end, ALM tool developed by authors ANSYS ® FLUENT environment (v. 20.2) specifically tailored simulation vertical-axis machines was employed. Both steady finite wing fictitious one-blade H-rotor, for which high-fidelity blade-resolved CFD data are available as benchmark, were considered test cases. simulations first performed without any correction different cell sizes force projection radii, so that limits original approach could be assessed. Then, two sub-models applied: classical semi-empirical Glauert new methodology based Lifting Theory (LLT), recently proposed Da? Sørensen (DS). The latter here adapted machines. Eventually, spanwise load profiles coming three approaches assessed compared, proving superior DS model.